In the context of royalty, a morganatic marriage is a marriage between people of unequal social rank, which prevents the passage of the husband's titles and. Laura Bush; First Lady of the United States; In role January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009: President: George W. Bush: Preceded by: Hillary Clinton: Succeeded by. Bureau of Labor Statistics. To help mark the Monthly Labor Review. This article is about the life of workers in 1. MLR began. It discusses population and labor force characteristics plus jobs and wages. It also looks at various facets of everyday life. That year was a transitional time in the United States. About 1. 5 years earlier, the nation had moved from the Gilded Age. The 1. 92. 0 census shows much growth within urban and suburban areas and within the middle class. The urbanization of America, as well as new methods of management and new technology within both the home and the workplace, were changing the nature of work and the daily lives of workers. To help readers understand what life was like for workers in 1. In addition, information from primary sources and insights from social historians are included. The article begins with a look at demographics in 1. It goes on to discuss the daily life of workers: their housing, clothing, food, hours, working conditions, leisure time. The emphasis in this article is on the 7. Current events of 1. The following list of current events may help set the stage for readers to better understand the world of 1. On January 1. 2, the U. S. House of Representatives rejected a proposal to give women the right to vote. On January 1. 9, labor leader Joe Hill was arrested on murder charges and executed 2. On January 2. 5, Alexander Graham Bell made his famous call to Thomas Watson in San Francisco, thereby inaugurating the first transcontinental phone service. On February 1. 2, construction of the Lincoln Memorial began. Get information, facts, and pictures about psychology at Encyclopedia.com. Make research projects and school reports about psychology easy with credible articles from. Rabindranath Tagore’s Birth and His Death Rabindranath Tagore was born in Calcutta (Kolkata) in the ancestral home of the Tagores at 6 Dwarkanath Tagore Lane. John was born in Bootle and was married to Sarah Anne with a son Austin and a Daughter Ellen, the family was living at 145 Burlington Street when John went to war in. Quotations about marriage, husbands, and wives, from The Quote Garden. AF Leach 'The Schools of Medieval England' (1915). THIS is the first attempt at a history of English Schools before the Reformation, reckoned. The long lasting marriage of Abby and John D. Here is information on. A Commitment to Planning and Follow Through. Whether for transportation, exercise, or just to avoid downtown parking, Decatur residents walk. On March 2. 7, Typhoid Mary (Mary Mallon) was arrested and returned to quarantine after causing several typhoid outbreaks. On May 6, Babe Ruth hit his first career home run. On May 7, the British- owned RMS Lusitania ocean liner was sunk by a German submarine, which killed nearly 1,2. U. S. More than half (5. United States were less than 2. U. S. Not quite 5 percent of the population in 1. Life expectancy at birth for people born in 1. Indeed, there currently are more than 7. American centenarians. Although the rate rose to 3. The 1. 91. 5 fertility rate is not surprising given that infant mortality was much higher a hundred years ago. In addition, more families lived on farms than do so today, and these families tended to be large to ensure help with farm chores. In 1. 91. 5, about 1 baby out of 1. U. S. In 1. 90. 0, almost all births occurred outside of hospitals. By 1. 91. 5 in Pittsburgh, for instance, the percentage had fallen to 8. Today, less than 1 percent of U. S. This contrasts with over 2. Rather than living alone or with nonrelatives, young women generally lived at home until they got married. Nowadays, most women at least at some point in their lives live apart from their family, and nearly half have cohabited with a partner before marriage. Divorce was quite uncommon in 1. Although the major cause of death in both 1. In 1. 91. 5, they were pneumonia and influenza, tuberculosis, and nephritis (kidney disease); today. Pneumonia and influenza continue to claim lives, but Alzheimer. Despite a resurgence of tuberculosis in 1. United States, is relatively low. Improved sanitation and hygiene throughout the 2. The racial composition of the U. S. Whites were close to 9. Now the non- Hispanic White population composes 6. U. S. About 6. 0 percent of the people who immigrated to the United States in 1. Europe and 3. 4 percent were from North and South America. Currently, most new legal permanent residents are from Asia (4. North and South America (4. United States are from Europe. In 1. 91. 5, about 1. That percentage dropped to a record low of 4. About half the population in 1. In 2. 01. 0, by contrast, only 1 in 5 people lived in a rural area. Not surprisingly, mobility within the United States was more limited than it is now, and people born in the United States were likely to stay within their home state. In 1. 91. 5, about 7. U. S.- born individuals were living in the state in which they had been born, compared with 5. Labor force participation. The 1. 91. 5 annual average civilian labor force participation rate is estimated at 5. The 1. 92. 0 census shows that, among people ages 1. January of that year. Table 1 points out that young boys were much more likely to be in the labor force in 1. Not surprisingly, women of all ages are much more likely to be in the labor force now than in 1. Half of all boys ages 1. Labor force participation among girls those ages hasn. Labor force participation rates, by age and gender, January 1. Age. Men. Women. 19. Total, 1. 4 years and older. Data for 1. 92. 0 are from Historical statistics of the United States, colonial times to 1. U. S. Bureau of the Census, 1. Sources: U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and U. S. Census Bureau. Education. A century ago, most jobs required little formal schooling, and most of the population had not gone beyond elementary or grammar school. In fact, high school graduates were a rarity: in 1. Royal Meeker, appointed Commissioner of Labor Statistics by President Woodrow Wilson in 1. New York Times article advocating compulsory public education through the intermediate grades. The average length of the public school term was about 1. Many young girls and boys worked instead of being enrolled in school. In fact, New York City. The economy was volatile a century ago, moving quickly from boom to bust and back again. The annual unemployment rate was relatively high in 1. However, the rate quickly jumped up to nearly 1. In recent years, the annual average unemployment rate moved from 4. December 2. 00. 7. Like workers of today, those living in 1. If you were alive in 1. In contrast, by 2. American families owned rather than rented their residence, although that proportion slipped to 6. The cost of a home in 1. If you were purchasing a home in that town, you might have done so through a catalog. Contrasting with ornate Victorian residences, the newest house style in 1. In Los Angeles County, where the population tripled from 1. Front porches were prevalent, and they were the site of countless marriage proposals. Like their modern counterparts, urban dwellers were likely to live in multiple- unit residences. Tenements proliferated on New York City. Interestingly, from colonial times until the post. According to a 1. Journal of Home Economics article written by home economist Mabel Hyde Kittredge, the typical home of a working- class family was crowded, somewhat disorderly, and without modern conveniences. The article described a New York City apartment this way: A home I know well is a fair sample: a four room flat, rent nineteen dollars, nine in family. It is furnished with cheap elaborateness . The chandelier is draped with tissue paper, the shelves are hung with ruffles and covered with paper napkins . In this, as in the home of every ambitious foreigner, is the plush parlor set. This family of nine has a boarder to help pay the rent. He is a night worker, and in the day time can always be seen asleep in one of the beds. All five children, after school, help the mother at flower making. They receive eight cents a gross for the flowers, and the tiny red leaves and yellow stamens are everywhere . There is a bath tub, but the clothes wringer and last winter. This is not the home of a very poor family: the father earns twelve dollars a week, two girls are in a factory, and the flower making brings in a certain income. Apparently, several children in the described family shared a bed, and the family members may have all shared the same bedroom. Few of the homes of working- class families had running water, and almost none had running hot water. Working- class homes typically had chairs but no sofas. However, if your family were more affluent, you might have awoken in your Victorian- style, heavily carved wooden bed, although by 1. Whether or not your abode was a single- family home or a crowded tenement, it probably was heated by a potbelly stove or by a coal furnace in the basement. Gas stoves were starting to replace coal and wood stoves in part because they conserved kitchen space. Telephones could be found in at least a few million homes. However, direct dialing did not exist until the 1. If your home had an indoor toilet, the toilet likely was located in a closet or a storage area. It would be a few more years until it was common for toilets, sinks, and bathtubs to share a room. Housework and shopping. Maintaining a home in 1. The relatively small size of iceboxes meant more trips to the grocery store, the butcher, or the fish market. Marketing trade journals reported that women were spending more time shopping than were men, an occurrence that is still true today. Grocery stores were turning into supermarkets, chain stores and franchises began to proliferate, and mail- order catalogs. Mass- produced items were becoming more available, and 5- and- 1. For instance, in 1. Woolworth merged with five other companies, which resulted in a 5. As social historian Harvey Green pointed out, household work remained hard work in 1. Although some households had running water in 1. Less affluent residents still heated a boiler full of water on a coal or wood range, rubbed clothes on a washboard, used a hand ringer, and hung clothes to dry. Homes without gas or electric heat were harder to clean because of soot from the fireplace or wood stove. What workers wore. If you were a man and your job was one on the corporate ladder, only one type of business clothing was deemed appropriate: a blue serge suit. For leisure activities and for travel to a working- class job, men typically wore newsboy or flat caps often along with a Norfolk jacket. For almost all activities, women wore long skirts. The hobble skirts of 1. Skirts were generally paired with a white blouse called a shirtwaist. Some factory jobs required women to wear pants or jumpsuits, but long skirts were the more usual attire. Clothing was relatively more expensive in 1. Clothing now is about 3 percent of consumer expenditures but was around 1. What workers ate. Uniform Dissolution Of Marriage Act — C. R. S. 1. 4- 1. 0This site is copyrighted, supported, and maintained by the Equal Justice Foundation. Please check the latest version rather than relying on this one. Current law. 14- 1. Short title. 1. 4- 1. Purposes - rules of construction. Definition and interpretation of terms. Uniformity of application and construction. Legislative declaration. Application of Colorado rules of civil procedure. Dissolution of marriage - legal separation. Commencement - pleadings - abolition of existing defenses - automatic, temporary injunction - enforcement. Entry of appearance to establish support. Required notice of involvement with department of human services. Required notice of prior restraining orders to prevent domestic abuse - petitions for dissolution of marriage or legal separation. Temporary order or temporary injunction. Enforcement of restraining orders. Irretrievable breakdown. Declaration of invalidity. Separation agreement. Disposition of property. Maintenance. 1. 4- 1. Child support - guidelines - schedule of basic child support obligations - repeal. Appointments in domestic relations cases - representation of child - special advocates. Payment of maintenance or child support. Enforcement of orders. Attorney's fees. 1. Decree. 1. 4- 1. 0- 1. Dissolution of marriage upon affidavit - requirements. Petition for dissolution of marriage - fee - assessment - displaced homemakers fund. Independence of provisions of decree or temporary order. Modification and termination of provisions for maintenance, support, and property disposition - automatic lien. Commencement of proceedings concerning allocation of parental responsibilities - jurisdiction. Requests for parental responsibility for a child by grandparents. Rights of children in matters relating to parental responsibilities. Joint custody (Repealed 1. Required notice of prior restraining orders to prevent domestic abuse - proceedings concerning parental responsibilities relating to a child. Parental education - legislative declaration. Access to records. Best interests of child. Temporary orders. Interviews. 1. 4- 1. Evaluation and reports. Hearings. 1. 4- 1. Appointment of arbitrator - de novo review of award. Modification of parenting time. Disputes concerning parenting time. Judicial supervision. Modification of custody or decision- making responsibility. Joint custody modification - termination (Repealed, 1. Designation of custody for the purpose of other state and federal statutes. Construction of 1. Affidavit practice. Effective date - applicability. Commentary. Couples with a contractual arrangement under a marriage license. Biological parents of minor children. Suggested revisions. Dissolution of marriage - legal separation. Commencement - pleadings - abolition of existing defenses - automatic, temporary injunction - enforcement. Entry of appearance to establish support. Required notice of prior restraining orders to prevent domestic abuse - petitions for dissolution of marriage or legal separation. Temporary order or temporary injunction. Enforcement of restraining orders. Separation agreement. Maintenance. 1. 4- 1. Appointments in domestic relations cases - representation of child - special advocates. Attorney's fees. 1. Decree. 1. 4- 1. 0- 1. Dissolution of marriage upon affidavit - requirements. Commencement of proceedings concerning allocation of parental responsibilities - jurisdiction. Best interests of child. Temporary orders. Interviews. 1. 4- 1. Evaluation and reports. Disputes concerning parenting time. Judicial supervision. Modification of custody or decision- making responsibility. Current law (January, 2. Top. Note that this statute has been revised in virtually every legislative session since it was first passed over 4. Please check the latest version rather than relying on this one. Short title. This article shall be known and may be cited as the . Regardless of the date the marriage began, if the dissolution of marriage occurs after the effective date of this article, the parties are subject to all provisions of the uniform act. In re Lester, 6. 47 P. Colo. 1. 4- 1. 0- 1. Purposes - rules of construction. Top(1) This article shall be liberally construed and applied to promote its underlying purposes.(2) Its underlying purposes are: (a) To promote the amicable settlement of disputes that have arisen between parties to a marriage; (b) To mitigate the potential harm to the spouses and their children caused by the process of legal dissolution of marriage; and(c) To make the law of legal dissolution of marriage more effective for dealing with the realities of matrimonial experience by making an irretrievable breakdown of the marriage relationship the sole basis for its dissolution. District Court, 1. Colo. 2. 84, 5. 09 P. Newman, 6. 53 P. 2d 7. Colo. In re Price, 7. P. 2d 1. 07. 3 (Colo. Simmons, 7. 73 P. Colo. The court is required to make separate orders regarding these elements based on separate considerations, and may not commingle one element with another. In re Huff, 8. 34 P. Colo. Thus, the trial court was correct in refusing husband's indemnification argument and in interpreting the divorce decree as requiring the husband to compensate the wife for the fair market value of business property apportioned to her in the equitable distribution. In re Plesich, 8. P. 2d 3. 79 (Colo. Definition and interpretation of terms. Top(1) As used in this article, unless the context otherwise requires, the term . It is not the intent of the general assembly to modify or change the meaning of the term . It is not the intent of the general assembly to modify or change the meaning of the term . Uniformity of application and construction. Top(1) This article shall be so applied and construed as to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law with respect to the subject of this article among those states which enact it.(2) The term . Legislative declaration. Top. The general assembly recognizes that it is in the best interests of the parties to a marriage in which a dissolution has been granted and in which there are children of the marriage for the parties to be able to resolve disputes that arise subsequent to the dissolution in an amicable and fair manner. The general assembly further recognizes that, in most cases, it is in the best interests of the children of the marriage to have a relationship with both parents and that, in most cases, it is the parents' right to have a relationship with their children. The general assembly emphasizes that one of the underlying purposes of this article is to mitigate the potential harm to the spouses and their children and the relationships between the parents and their children caused by the process of legal dissolution of marriage. The general assembly recognizes that when a marriage in which children are involved is dissolved both parties either agree to or are subject to orders which contain certain obligations and commitments. The general assembly declares that the honoring and enforcing of those obligations and commitments made by both parties is necessary to maintaining a relationship that is in the best interest of the children of the marriage. In recognition thereof the general assembly hereby declares that both parties should honor and fulfill all of the obligations and commitments made between the parties and ordered by the court. Entire section added, p. Entire section amended, p. To allow otherwise would be to allow father to unilaterally terminate child support obligation without first obtaining an order of modification. In re Meisner, 8. P. 2d 1. 20. 5 (Colo. Application of Colorado rules of civil procedure. Top(1) The Colorado rules of civil procedure apply to all proceedings under this article, except as otherwise specifically provided in this article.(2) A proceeding for dissolution of marriage, legal separation, or declaration of invalidity of marriage shall be entitled . A proceeding for the allocation of parental responsibilities or a support proceeding shall be entitled . A responsive pleading shall be denominated a response. Other pleadings and all pleadings in other matters under this article shall be denominated as provided in the Colorado rules of civil procedure. P. 2d 2. 35 (1. 94. Holman v. 4. 37, 1. P. 2d 1. 01. 5 (1. District Court, 1. Colo. 3. 14, 5. 27 P. Routt County Court, 1. Colo. 4. 28, 1. 35 P. Brownell v. District Court ex rel. County of Larimer, 6. P. 2d 7. 62 (Colo. District Court ex rel. County of Larimer, 6. P. 2d 7. 62 (Colo. District Court, 1. Colo. 3. 14, 5. 27 P. P. 2d 6. 4 (1. 96. In re Franks, 1. 89 Colo. P. 2d 8. 45 (1. 97. P. 2d 2. 0 (1. 97. P. 2d 2. 0 (1. 97. District Court, 1. Colo. 9. 8, 5. 56 P. Menne v. 3. 04, 5. P. 2d 4. 72 (1. 97. In re Femmer, 3. 9 Colo. P. 2d 8. 1 (1. 97. In re Gallegos, 4. Colo. 1. 16, 5. 80 P. M & G Engines v. Mroch, 6. 31 P. 2d 1. Colo. 1. 98. 1); In re Boyd, 6. P. 2d 8. 04 (Colo. Dissolution of marriage - legal separation.
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